For citizens of the EU, EEA and Swiss Confederation

The Citizen of European Union Act regulates the issue of residence permits to the citizens of the EU, EEA and Swiss Confederation (hereafter EU) and their family members.

A citizen of the EU may stay in Estonia without a residence permit on the basis of a valid travel document or identity card for a period of up to three months.

In order to obtain the right of temporary residence an EU citizen must contact the local government authority nearest to his or her place of residence and register his or her residence within three months from the date of entering Estonia. The right of temporary residence is granted for a period of five years.

Generally, an EU citizen who has resided in Estonia permanently for five successive years on the basis of the right of temporary residence shall obtain the right of permanent residence.

Citizens of the EU do not need a separate permit to work in Estonia.

Additional information

Citizen of European Union Act: http://www.legaltext.ee/et/andmebaas/tekst.asp?loc=text&dok=X70007K1&keel=en&pg=1&ptyyp=RT&tyyp=X&query=Citizen+of+European+Union+Act

Estonian Commercial Code: http://www.legaltext.ee/et/andmebaas/tekst.asp?loc=text&dok=X0001K22&keel=en&pg=1&ptyyp=RT&tyyp=X&query=%E4riseadustik

Employment Service Act: http://www.legaltext.ee/et/andmebaas/tekst.asp?loc=text&dok=X40049K3&keel=en&pg=1&ptyyp=RT&tyyp=X&query=employment+service+act

Citizenship and Migration Bureau: http://politsei.ee/en/teenused/residence-permit/

For third country nationals

The Aliens Act regulates the issue of residence and work permits to third country nationals and persons with undetermined citizenship.

Residence permits

Residence permit may be temporary (validity period up to five years) or long-term.

Temporary residence permit may be issued to an alien:

married to a person with permanent residence in Estonia;
for settling down with a close relative permanently residing in Estonia;
for working;
for studies at an Estonian educational institution;
for business;
whose permanent legal income ensures his or her subsistence in Estonia;
in case of substantial public interest;
whose application for residence permit is based on an international agreement.

A temporary residence permit may be extended if the basis for the permit has not changed and the application is justified. In order to extend a temporary residence permit the applicant may visit the service point of the Citizenship and Migration Bureau or submit his or her application by post. An alien residing in Estonia on the basis of a temporary residence permit, who desires to stay outside Estonia for more than 183 days per year, shall register his or her absence from Estonia at the Citizenship and Migration Bureau.

A long-term residence permit may be issued to an alien:

who has stayed in Estonia permanently on the basis of temporary residence permit for at least five years;
holds a valid temporary residence permit;
has registered residence, health insurance and permanent legal income for subsistence in Estonia;
has knowledge of the Estonian language at least at a basic level.

Work permits

An alien, who is residing in Estonia on the basis of a residence permit, has a right to work in Estonia, unless otherwise stipulated by the law.

Short-term employment in Estonia

In certain cases an employer can apply for the registration for short-term employment in Estonia for aliens who stay or arrive in Estonia either on the basis of a visa (type D) or on a visa-free basis. Before applying for a visa the short-term employment must be registered at the Citizenship and Migration Board.

Short-term employment cannot exceed a period of six months a year.

An alien who stays in Estonia on the basis of a residence permit cannot be registered for short-term employment in Estonia. In this case an alien has to apply for a work permit or a residence permit for employment.

An application for registration for short-term employment may be submitted in the following cases:

persons engaged in creative activities who work in a performing arts institution;
for working as a teacher or lecturer in an educational institution, which complies with the requirements established by Estonian law;
for working as a scientist if the alien has appropriate professional training or experience;
for working as a sportsman, coach, referee or sports official for professional activities on the basis of an invitation from a respective sports federation;
for employment as a trainee in order to obtain vocational education intermediated by an educational institution or a student organisation located abroad if this is a part of the relevant training programme;
in order to serve in the diplomatic representation of a foreign country with the permission of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs;
for working as an au pair;
for working as an expert, adviser or consultant providing that the alien has the required professional training;
for working as an installer of equipment or a skilled worker providing that the alien has the required professional training
for working as a seasonal worker processing agricultural products;
on the basis of an international agreement.

In certain cases involving short-term employment, employers are obliged to pay an alien a fee amounting to at least equal to the average monthly salary in the field in which the employer primarily operates in Estonia, as most recently published by the Statistical Office, but not less than the average annual gross monthly salary in Estonia most recently published by the Statistical Office multiplied by a coefficient of 1.24. The basis for determining an employer's primary area of operation is the Classification of Estonian Economic Activities code of the Statistical Office.

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